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MPP
MPP (melamine polyphosphate) is a high-performance, halogen-free, phosphorus-nitrogen intumescent flame retardant. It is a white powder characterized by high-temperature resistance, hydrolysis resistance, and low migration.
It is primarily used in engineering plastics such as glass fiber-reinforced nylon and PBT, finding extensive application in electronic and electrical components; it is also utilized in polyolefins, fire-retardant coatings, and other fields.
Detail
MPP (Melamine Polyphosphate)
一、 Basic Information
Full Name: Melamine Polyphosphate | Abbreviation: MPP | CAS No.: 218768-84-4 | Type: Phosphorus-nitrogen based halogen-free intumescent flame retardant (the mainstream additive for halogen-free flame-retardant nylon)
二、Physicochemical Properties
Appearance: Fine white powder, odorless
Nitrogen Content: 42–44%
Phosphorus Content: 12–14%
Decomposition Temperature: ≥310–320°C (high-temperature resistant)
Water Solubility: ≤0.05 g/L (virtually insoluble in water; resistant to water extraction)
pH (1% suspension): 4.0–6.0 (weakly acidic)
Moisture Content: ≤0.5%
三、 Flame Retardant Mechanism (Intumescent Flame Retardancy)
Dual action upon heating:
Condensed Phase (Char Formation): Phosphorus components catalyze substrate dehydration, forming a dense, intumescent char layer on the surface that blocks oxygen and heat.
Gas Phase (Gas Source): Melamine decomposition releases inert gases (N₂, NH₃) that dilute combustible smoke; these gases cause the char layer to foam and expand, providing thermal and oxygen insulation to terminate the combustion reaction.
四、Key Advantages
✅ Halogen-free and eco-friendly; low smoke and low toxicity; complies with RoHS and other environmental standards.
✅ High thermal stability; suitable for high-temperature processing of nylon, PBT, etc.; does not decompose or foam during extrusion.
✅ Extremely low water solubility; resistant to migration/blooming, hydrolysis, and water washing; superior to APP (Ammonium Polyphosphate).
✅ Nitrogen-phosphorus synergism; high flame retardancy efficiency.
✅ White powder; colorant-friendly; yields products with excellent surface finish.
⚠️ Limitations: MPP functions as an acid source and gas source; most nylon formulations require an additional carbon source (e.g., pentaerythritol derivatives), though glass fiber-reinforced nylon can achieve V-0 ratings using MPP alone.
五、Applicable Materials List
Primary Application: Glass fiber-reinforced materials PA6, PA66 (primary applications): electronic connectors, terminal blocks
PBT, PET, high-temperature nylon
PP, EVA, TPE elastomers (intumescent flame-retardant compounding system)
Epoxy resins, polyurethane, silicone rubber
Intumescent fire-retardant coatings, water-based flame-retardant coatings
六、 Recommended Dosage
Glass fiber-reinforced Nylon 66 (30% glass fiber): 22–28% (achieves UL94 V-0 rating at 1.6 mm thickness)
PP intumescent flame-retardant (MPP + carbon source compound): 25–30% total dosage
Coatings: Adjust as required
七、Packaging, Storage, and Transport
20–25 kg paper-plastic composite bags; store in a cool, dry, and sealed environment; protect from moisture; not classified as hazardous chemicals.
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