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Horizontal and Vertical Flammability Tester
Also known as the UL94 Horizontal/Vertical Burning Tester, this is a core piece of testing equipment for evaluating the flame retardancy of plastics and flame-retardant materials. It assesses the risks of burning, self-extinguishing, and dripping when the material is exposed to an open flame, and determines flame retardancy ratings such as HB, V-0, V-1, V-2, 5VA, and 5VB.
The enclosed combustion chamber is equipped with a Bunsen burner that produces a standard, stable flame. Specimens can be held horizontally or suspended vertically. The flame is applied to the sample for a set duration, and the following parameters are automatically recorded:
After-flame time (duration of continued burning after the ignition source is removed)
After-glow / smoldering time (duration of glowing/heating without a visible flame)
Flame spread length and burning rate
Whether molten droplets ignite the absorbent cotton placed underneath; the flame retardancy rating is determined based on the relevant standards.
二、 Two Main Test Modes
1. Horizontal Burning (HB Class)
The specimen is placed horizontally, and the flame is applied to the end at a 45° angle for 30 seconds; the rate of lateral flame spread is observed.
HB: Slow-burning class; requires the burning rate not to exceed a specific limit; suitable for standard, non-self-extinguishing plastics.
2. Vertical Burning (V-0 / V-1 / V-2)
The specimen is suspended vertically, and the flame is applied to the bottom of the sample from below. Ignition is performed twice, for 10 seconds each time; absorbent cotton is placed beneath the sample to observe whether any droplets cause ignition.
三、 Applicable Materials
Plastics, modified plastics, rubber, films, glass fiber-reinforced materials, composite materials, and foam materials; plastic specimens modified with flame retardants such as MCA, MPP, or 1010. Downstream industries: electronic and electrical housings, wire accessories, new energy components, automotive parts, home appliance insulation components, plastic raw material manufacturers, and new material laboratories.
四、 Standards
National Standard: GB/T 2408-2021 "Plastics — Determination of burning characteristics — Horizontal and vertical small-scale test methods"International Standards: UL94, IEC 60695-11-10
五、 Key Technical Parameters
Flame: 50W standard flame (blue flame height: 20 ± 2 mm); 5V mode 500W flame (125 mm)
Gas: Methane / Propane / Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
Timing Range: 0–999.9 s (adjustable); precision: 0.1 s
Chamber: Enclosed flame-retardant combustion chamber with exhaust system and observation window
Fixture: Quick-switch mechanism for horizontal and vertical mounting
Accessories: Absorbent cotton, U-tube manometer, flow meter, pressure gauge
六、 Simplified Operating Procedure
Specimen Pre-treatment: Condition at 23°C and 50% humidity for 48 hours; standard specimen size: 125 × 13 mm
Power on, supply gas, ignite, and adjust flame height to 20 mm
Mount specimen (horizontally or vertically); place absorbent cotton beneath the specimen for vertical tests
Set flame application time and start the test
Automatically record after-flame time, after-glow time, and dripping behavior
Upon test completion, exhaust fumes, allow to cool, and clean residue from the chamber
七、Safety Precautions
External exhaust ducting is mandatory to vent combustion exhaust outdoors
Regularly inspect gas lines for leaks to prevent gas escape
Do not open the chamber door during the test to prevent flames from escaping
Molten drips pose a fire risk; do not place unnecessary flammable debris inside the chamber
